The Fairy Bookshop includes several titles that are extremely rare and that have been reprinted in house. Books are arranged, put through a high quality printer and then bound and hand stitched. The quality of the books is excellent hence the price – 60 dollars per book – which includes postage to anywhere in the world. In some very rare instances the book may have sold out and a new copy will have to be made: this usually takes about ten days. Payment can be made by an Amazon Voucher or if need be by Paypal.

Gisela Piaschewski, Der Wechselbalg [the changeling] first published in Breslau in 1935, 200 pp.

Bernard Sleigh, The Gates of Horn: Being Sundry records from the proceedings of the Society for the Investigation of Faery Fact & Fallacy, originally published in 1926. Note that this edition includes Sleigh’s subsequent story The Dryad’s Child, 286 pp

Forthcoming

Anon, The John O’London Fairy Letters, 100 pp [about 4000 words, large print with illustrations and original text]

Forthcoming… Scary Fairy Collection Volume 1

There are included here a series of books and articles that are longer in copyright in the United States and that may be of interest to those who want to know more about fairy-lore. Some are available elsewhere on the web, though not in the form presented here, some are now rare: in fact, I have been particularly keen to put up a text when it was difficult for me to find. Some are extracts of longer books presented in this form for convenience. For full reference please go to the bibliography.

John O London Fairy Letters [0.2 mb, in cooperation with strangehistory.com]

Ballantyne Pixies [0.5 mb]

Chesterton Ethics of Elfland [9 mb]

Collison North Devonshire [0.3 mb]

Couch Cornish Village [1.19 mb]

Croker, the three volumes of Fairy Legends and Researches in the South of Ireland in a single pdf volume! [32.5 mb] Note that there is a mix of editions here (a real problem with Croker who cut and change a lot) and that also several illustrations have been cut for ease of printing.

Dalyell, Superstitions [17.1 mb]

Doyle Coming of the Fairies [7.8 mb]

Ernst The Microscopic Giants [1.06 mb]

Hardwick on fairies and boggarts [0.6 mb]

Inglis Beware of the Thing[1.15 mb]

Jenner Piskies [20 mb]

Killen Edgar [Irish famine, 0.1 mb]

Lee Wisht Wood [0.5 mb]

Lewis Discarded Image [0.1 mb] very messy, if anyone has a proper version…

Lucas Highways [0.4 mb] short extract including fairy references

M’C Fairies [2.4 mb]

Pengelly South-west [6.1 mb]

Q The Pixies [0.1 mb]

Rideing ‘In Cornwall With an Umbrella’ [12.16 mb]

shepard evans-wentz [1.7 mb]

Traill Pearls and Pebbles [ 1.1 mb] short extract about Canadian banshee

waterhouse, greenwood of Shakespeare [3.5 mb]

Whittle Devonshire Festivities and Superstitions [1.2 mb]

Wilkinson Memories of Hurstwood [6.0 mb]

Williams The Doom [0.3 mb] short extract on Welsh fairies

 

 

 

 

Comics have included fairies since before the Second World War. But in the last generation fairies have found their own space in graphic novels. A pioneer in this regard was Neil Gaiman who included fairies in the Sandman series. There is a case to be made that the fairies finest hour in any form of literature in the last forty years was Gaiman’s Midsummer Night’s Dream (Land of Dreams) when Oberon and Titanian and a terrifying Puck, come with the rest of the fairy tribe to watch Shakespere put on A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Gaiman is always original, but the tale is perfectly balanced and having read it numerous times over the last twenty five years we can only bow our heads.

Later in the Sandman series a less convincing character, Nuala, becomes a prisoner of the Sandman for reasons that we’ve never fathomed.

There are also frequent fairy references in Gaiman and Vess’s Stardust (which is kind of a comic).

Gaiman was followed, naturally enough, by others: successful pioneer attract rivals. Bone by Jeff Smith describes a fantasy world where some small amorphous hobbit like characters battle with human allies against sharp-teethed boggarts. Here fairy-lore is not mentioned but the parallels are there for any readers. Bone can now be bought in a single chunky volume for ten dollars. You could wile away a very long afternoon reading the collected Bone or save it for a migraine.

Then, there, is Bill Willingham’s Fables series that sees a series of fairy tale characters set up house in New York. It is true that these are not fairies, in the strict sense. But the vocabulary is fairy: ‘glamour’ etc And an underlying theme is the uneasy relation between the fables and their worldly neighbours, the mundies (you and me). By the same author there is also the Jack series including Jack Frost, as fairy as we get with Willingham.

The Good Neighbours by Holly Black also plays with the uneasy, impossible relations between fairies and humans: the heroine Rue Silver is half fairy, half human and has daddy issues. It is a disappointment that Alan Moore never really did fairies (at least in comics) but Smax has some fairy-like humanoid folk.

Then there are Grimm Fairy Tales with occasional visits from fairies as well as other fabulous creatures. Not to be confused with the Big Book of Grimm, where various comic artists write the scariest Grimm fairy tales possible.

John Reppion is presently bringing out the nicely-named Damsels which has some fairy content.

Look back over these titles and you will see the range of plots is satisfying but no-one has really made important steps forward since Gaiman. For that you’ll have to turn to foreign writers. Loisel published his adult version of Peter Pan in French back in the late 1990s. It is now available in English and is well worth buying: the original makes more sense after you’ve read Loisel; it is almost as if he can say and draw things that Barrie would never have dared put on paper.

Another important French comic book writer whose Companions of Twilight (Les Compagnons du Crepuscule) has still not been translated into English (scandalously!!!!). The first (of three) volumes contains a terrifying visit to fairy: it is enough to look at Bourgeon’s little blighters to understand why (see below). There is a lot less fancy foot work than in Gaiman but as an evocation of the Middle Ages Bourgeon is perhaps even better. Look out for his take on Melusine and Breton mermaids as well. Buy this and you will regret nothing…

Then from Japan there is Fairy Tail a Japanese manga with a rather unusual take on fairies, in fact, one that many western readers will find almost unrecognizable. That is not the same as saying that Fairy Tale is not fun, if you don’t mind reading backwards…

Also there are various peculiar developments in manga fairies that we can’t cover as this is a family site. However, the curious (with strong stomachs) might wish to follow this link to Strange History... And, of course, there is the new thing: web comics with fairies.

 

               

A.E. The Candle of Vision (London, Macmillian, 1919)

A.W. ‘Fairy ‘Folk-Lore’ of Shetland’ Antiquarian Magazine 1 (Jan. – June 1882), 135-137

A VILLAGER, ‘A Boggart at Worsthorne’, Burnley Express and Advertiser (26 May 1883), 7

Abram, William Alexander ‘Memorial of the Late T.T.Wilkinson, F.R.A.S. Burnley’ Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 6 (1875-1876), 77-94

Addy, Sidney Oldall Household tales with other traditional remains: collected in the counties of York, Lincoln, Derby, and Nottingham (1895),

Aðalsteinsson, Jón Hnefill ‘The Testimony of Waking Consciousness and Dreams in Migratory Legends Concerning Human Encounters with the Hidden People’ Arv 49 (1993), 123-132

Allderidge, Patricia H. ‘Dadd, Richard (1817-1886)’ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press 2004) [accessed electronically].

Allderidge, Patricia H. The Late Richard Dadd (1974)

Allen, Dorena ‘Orpheus and Orfeo: The Dead and the Taken’ Medium Aevum 33 (1968) 263-273

Allen, Grant ‘Who Were the Fairies?’ Cornhill Magazine 43 (1881), 335-348 

Allen, Louis ‘A Jaunty Moonbeam Man’ Anon 2007 Our Faerie Best, 121-122

Allen, Louis ‘The Moon People’ Anon 2007 Our Faerie Best, 119-120

Allies, Jabez The British, Roman and Saxon antiquities and folklore of Worcestershire (London: J.R. Smith, 1856)

Allison, Cheryl ‘‘Urban Fairy’ doors appear in Ardmore’ Mainline Media News (2 Dec 2013)

Almqvist, Bo ‘Irish Migratory Legends on the Supernatural: Sources, Studies and Problems’ Béaloideas 59 (1991) 1-43

Alpert,Karen ‘Dear Tinkerbell, WTF?’ http://www.chicagonow.com/baby-sideburns/2014/01/tinkerbell-note/ 3 Jan 2014

Alspach, Russel K. ‘The Use by Yeats and Other Irish Writers of the Folklore of Patrick Kennedy’, The Journal of American Folklore, 59 (1946), 404-412

Alvin, C ‘A Flowery Path to Heaven’ Theosophical Quarterly 12 (1915) 167-173

Ambrose, Kala ‘Exploring, Witches, Werewolves, Fairies and Shapeshifters with Claude Lecouteux’ 16 Jan 2014 http://www.exploreyourspirit.com/blog/2014/01/16/exploring-witches-werewolves-fairies-and-shapeshifters-with-claude-lecouteux/

An Inhabitant, A Glossary of Yorkshire Words and Phrases Collected in Whitby and the Neighbourhood (London: John Russell Smith 1855)

Anderson, Anne ‘A singular vision: Brian Froud’s faerie world’, Gramarye 2 (2012), 15-22

Anderson, Cora Fifty Years in the Feri Tradition (Portland, Harpy Books 1994)

Anderson, Gail-Nina ‘Mermaids in Myth and Art’ Fortean Times (November 2009)

Anderson, Jaynie ‘’Erasmus and the Siren’, Erasmus in English II (1981/1982), 2-7 [?]

Anderson, Otto. ‘Seal Folk in East and West: Some Comments on a Fascinating Group of Folk Tales’ Folklore International: Essays in Traditional Literature, Belief, and Custom in Honor of Wayland Debs Hand (ed) D.K. Wilgus. Halboro, Pennsylvania: Folklore Associates, Inc., 1967. 1-6.

Andrew, ‘The Fairies of Scotland’ http://www.paranormal-encounters.com/wp/the-fairies-of-scotland/ (19 Nov 2013)

Andrew, S ‘Mr. S. Andrew [exhibited] old fairy pipes from Gloucester’, Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarians Society 24 (1906), 172

Andrews, Elizabeth Faeries & Folklore of the British Isles (Moreton in Marsh: Arris Publishing, 2006)

Andrews, Stuart and Jason Higgs Paranormal Cornwall (Stroud: History Press, 2010), chapter six contains fairylore

Andrews, Ted ‘Wonders of the Fairy Realm’’ Anon 2007 Our Faerie Best, 111-118

Andrews, Ted Enchantment of the Faerie Realm: Communicate with Nature Spirits and Elementals. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn, 1993

An Enthusiast, ‘Catching a Salmon’, Preston Chronicle and Lancashire Advertiser (15 Oct 1853), 3

Animatorium ‘The Best Environmental Epic: The Case for Princess Mononoke’, 5 Dec 2013 http://the-animatorium.blogspot.it/2013/12/the-best-environmental-epic-case-for.html

Anon, A Description of England and Wales (London, 1769), multi volume set

Anon [no title], Glasgow Herald (4 August 1826), 1

Anon, ‘Horrible Results of Superstition’, The Examiner (16 July 1826), 6

Anon ‘Practical Pun’, Berkshire Chronicle (14 October 1826), 3

Anon, ‘Attempt at Murder and Suicide’, Lancaster Gazette (19 April 1828), 3

Anon, ‘Dublin Sept 26: Difference between Ghosts and Good People’, Morning Chronicle (30 Sep 1829), 4

Anon, The Morning Chronicle (19 Sept 1829), 3

Anon, ‘Fairy Children’, The Dublin Penny Journal 1 (Jan 12, 1833), 227

Anon, ‘Curious Fact – A Fairy Tale’ The Morning Chronicle (3 March 1834), 1

Anon, ‘Unparalleled Imposture! Witchcraft’, Belfast Newsletter (11 April 1834), 1

Anon, ‘A Fairy’, Belfast News-Letter (20 Feb 1835), 2

Anon, ‘Pallasgrean Petty Sessions’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser (4 Jan 1838), p. 4

Anon, ‘A Ghost Story’, Sheffield Independent (26 January 1839), 6

Anon, ‘Extraordinary Case of Gross Superstition’, Belfast News-Letter (17 April 1840), 2

Anon, ‘The Rockite Emissary from Fairy Land: Plunder of Fire-Arms’ Nenagh Guardian, 5 Feb 1840, p. 3

Anon, ‘County of Armagh Assizes: Murder of a Child by his Father’, Belfast News-Letter (11 Aug 1840), 1

Anon, ‘Superstition’, Belfast News-Letter (1842), 2

Anon ‘A Determined Boggart’ Kendal Mercury (14 May 1842), 1

Anon, ‘Curious Case of Superstition’, Nenagh Guardian (13 Sep 1843), 4

Anon, ‘A Female Quack: Gross Superstition: Another Johnny Mahony’, Nenagh Guardian (4 May 1844), 4

Anon, ‘Awful Occurrence’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser (18 Aug 1846), p. 2

Anon, ‘A Child Murdered by its Father’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser  (8 Apr 1848), ?

Anon, ‘Extraordinary Credulity in the Nineteenth Century’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser (1 July 1848), p. 1 excerpted from the Westmeath Guardian

Anon, ‘Extraordinary Case: A Fairy Turned Swindler!’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser (1 Jan 1849), 4

Anon, ‘The Queen of the Fairies’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser (16 Jun 1849), p. 4

Anon ‘Witchcraft’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser, (13 Sep 1850), p. 4

Anon, ‘Ghost Story’, Lancaster Gazette (25 January 1851), 5

Anon ‘Ghost Story’, Lancaster Gazette (25 January 1851), 5

Anon, ‘County of Antrim Assizes’, Belfast News-Letter (23 July 1852) no. 11756, p.1

Anon, ‘On Monday Last’, Belfast News-Letter (9 August 1852) no. 11763, p. 1 excerpted from Anglo-Celt.

Anon, ‘Thomas Crofton Croker, Esq, F.S.A’ Gentleman’s Magazine 197 (1854) 397-401

Anon, ‘Superstition in Kilkenny’, Preston Guardian (19 Apr 1856), 2

Anon ‘On the Popular Customs and Superstitions of Lancashire’, The Burnley Advertiser (4 May 1861), 4

Anon ‘Loitering In The Street’, The Lancaster Gazette Supplement (2 Nov 1861), 1

Anon ‘Daniel O’Leary, Duhallow Piper’ Irish American Weekly (15 November 1862), 2

Anon, ‘Harry Andrew: A Christmas Story’, Dunfermline Saturday Press (16 January 1864), 5

Anon, ‘County Galway’ Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser, (16 July 1866), p. 4

Anon, ‘The Fairies – Stealing’, Nation, 27 Mar 1869, p. 6

Anon, ‘Fairies in Belfast’ Belfast News-Letter (29 Mar 1870), no.54672, p.3.

Anon, ‘Something about Ghosts’ Lancaster Gazette (15 October 1870), 8

Anon, ‘Strange Freak of a Lunatic’, Lancaster Gazette (17 March 1877), 5

Anon ‘Up and Down the Country: Ranscliff’ Staffordshire Sentinel and Commercial & General Advertiser (6 December 1879), 7

Anon, ‘Legends of Worsthorn’, Burnley Advertiser (17 January 1880), 8

Anon, ‘The Land Act’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser (21 Dec 1883), 7

Anon, ‘The Lisowran Murder Case’,  Nenagh Guardian, (8 Dec 1883), 3

Anon, ‘Local Notes and Queries.’ The Leeds Mercury (11 October 1884), 8

Anon, ‘Extraordinary Superstition’, Birmingham Daily Post (19 May 1884), 8

Anon, ‘A Holiday Sketch’ Motherwell Times (28 July 1888), 4

Anon, ‘Andersonian Naturalist Society’ Glasgow Herald (9 September 1889), 6

Anon, ‘Terrible Tragedy in Donegal’, Belfast News-Letter (27 May 1890),  5.

Anon, ‘The Dungley Boggart’, Blackburn Standard (21 May 1892), 5

Anon, ‘Boggart Hole Clough and Its Ghost’, Manchester Times (27 October 1893), 5

Anon, ‘Bantry Petty Sessions: The Use of the Word Fairy’, Southern Star (27 Apr 1895), 2

Anon, ‘A Belief in the Fairies: an Extraordinary Case’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser (19 Feb 1897), 6

Anon, ‘Rossendale Boggart Tales’, Burnley Express and Advertiser (28 August 1897), 3

Anon, ‘Interesting Literary Discovery’ Manchester Times (25 February 1898), 5

Anon, ‘McQuillan and the Fairies’, Freeman’s Journal and Daily Commercial Advertiser (13 Sep 1898), 6

Anon, ‘Alleged Serious Assault at Cardonagh’, Belfast News-Letter (28 October 1898), 7

Anon, ‘Assault and Abusive Language’, Anglo Celt (4 Feb 1899), p. 4

Anon, ‘Towneley Hall’, Burnley Express (18 January 1902), 7

Anon  ‘Barcroft Hall’ Burnley Express (1 February 1902), 7

Anon ‘Fairy Tales’, The Celtic Review 5 (1908), 155-171

Anon ‘Twenty-Second Report of the Committee on Devonshire Folklore’, Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art 37 (1905) 110-121

Anon, ‘Titania’s Palace’, Dundee Courier (29 June 1929), 12

Anon, ‘Fairies Reported: Seen in Ireland’ Townsville Daily Bulletin (21 September 1938), 11

Anon, The Book of Elves and Fairies (New Lanark Geddes and Grosset, 1994)

Anon, Our Faerie Best: from the Pages of Fate Magazine (Lakeville: Galde Press, 2007)

Anon, ‘Bannister Doll’s Deadly Vengeance’, The Shield’s Gazette (8 October 2009), http://www.shieldsgazette.com/opinion/columnists/wraithscape/bannister-doll-s-deadly-vengeance-1-1246698

Anon, The Otherworld: Music & Song from Irish Tradition (Dublin, UCD 2012)

Anon, ‘Friday 13 and the Magic of Whitby Tales’, Whitby Gazette (12 September 2013), http://www.whitbygazette.co.uk/lifestyle/entertainment/friday-13-and-the-magic-of-whitby-tales-1-6043676 *

Anon, ‘Away with the Fairies’, Galway Advertiser http://www.advertiser.ie/galway/article/64269/away-with-the-fairies-human-child (10 October 2013)

Anon, Milla Jovovich dons a pair of wings as she throws daughter Ever a fairy-themed birthday party, Mailonline (3 Nov 2013),  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2486798/Milla-Jovovich-dons-pair-wings-throws-daughter-Ever-fairy-themed-birthday-party.html

Anti-Dolos, ‘Tiverton Superstition’, Woolmer’s Exeter and Plymouth Gazette (Saturday 15 March 1845), 4.

Arnold, Herbet ‘The Elementals’, Occult Review 18 (July – Dec 1913), 208-13

Arrowsmith, Nancy Field Guide to the Little People (Woodbury: Llewellyn 2009) [first published 1977]

Ashliman, D.L. Fairy Lore: A Handbook (London: Greenwood Press 2006)

Atkinson, Rev. J.C. Forty Years in a Moorland Parish: Reminiscences and Researches in Danby in Cleveland (New York: Macmillan 1891)

Atkinson, Rev J.C. Cleveland Dialect: Explanatory, Derivative and Critical  (London: John Russell Smith, 1878)

Bachman, Michael ‘Troll Runs After Train in Flooded England!’ http://cryptozoologynews.com/troll-runs-train-flooded-england/ (9 Feb 2014)

Badke, David The Medieval Bestiary: Animals in the Middle Ages at http://bestiary.ca

Bakeley, Reginald Goblinproofing One’s Chicken Coop And Other Practical Advice In Our Campaign Against the Fairy Kingdom (San Francisco: Conari 2013)

Balderston, Robert R. and Margaret Balderston Ingleton, Bygone and Present (London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co, 1890)

Balston, R.J. Notes on the birds of Kent (1907)

Baldwin, Dean ‘Fairy Lore and the Meaning of Sir Orfeo’, Southern Folklore Quarterly 41 (1977), 132-133

Ballantyne, Archibald ‘The West-Country Pixies’, The Argosy 64 (1897), 410-422.

Ballard, Linda-May ‘Fairies and Supernatural on Reachrai’, in The Good People (Ed. Narváez 1997),47-93.

Bamford, Samuel Early Days (London: Marshall & Co, 1849)

Banks, Mary M. ‘Folklore Notes from Scotland’ Folklore 45 (1934), 324-245

Bantick, Christopher ‘Fairies Tree turns 80 and still pulls them in’, Herald Sun (15 Jan 2014),  http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/fairies-tree-turns-80-and-still-pulls-them-in/story-fni0ffsx-1226801804844

Barber, Elizabeth Wayland The Dancing Goddesses: Folklore, Archaeology, and the Origins of European Dance (2013)

Barcroft, John ‘Tat O’ Swinden: A Boggart Tale of To-day’ Burnley Express (24 April 1889), 4

Baring-Gould, S[abine] ‘Devonshire Household Tales: V, The Cow and the Pixies’, Notes and Queries 8 (1865), 282-283.

Baring-Gould, Sabine Early Reminiscences, 1834-1864 (London, John Lane 1923)

Barker, Cicely Mary The Complete Book of the Flower Fairies (London: Frederick Warne, 1996)                          

Barret, W.H. and R.P.Garrod East Anglian Folklore and Other Tales (London Routledge and Kegan Paul 1976)

Barrett, C.B.R. Somersetshire: Highways, Byways and Waterways (London, William Clowes and Sons, 1894)

Barringer, Judith Divine Escorts: Nereids in archaic and classical Greek Art (Ann Arbor 1995) [?]

Barry, Witchcraft and Demonology in South-West England, 1640-1789 (2011)

Bartholomew, Emma ‘Apply to be the Tooth Fairy at the Ministry of Stories’, Hackney Gazette, (10 Nove 2013) [accessed 10 Nov] http://www.hackneygazette.co.uk/news/apply_to_be_the_tooth_fairy_at_the_ministry_of_stories_1_2984790

Baxter, Ron Bestiaries and their Users in the Middle Ages (London 1998)

Beachcombing, Dr ‘Crypto Fairy Hippo Cow in Scotland and Ireland?!’

http://www.strangehistory.net/2013/11/06/crypto-fairy-hippo-cow-in-scotland-and-ireland/ 6 Nov 2013

Beachcombing, Dr ‘Tolkien, A Poppy and the Death of Traditional Fairies’, http://www.strangehistory.net/2013/10/24/tolkien-a-poppy-and-the-death-of-traditional-fairies/ (24 October 2013)*

Beachcombing, Dr ‘Hot Mermaids from Venice’, http://www.strangehistory.net/2013/10/22/hot-mermaids-from-renaissance-venice/ (22 October 2013)

Beachcombing, Dr ‘Paranormal Smells’, http://www.strangehistory.net/2013/10/10/paranormal-smells/ 10 October 2013

Beachcombing, Dr ‘Romans and Fairies’http://www.strangehistory.net/2013/11/25/romans-and-fairies/ (25 Nov 2013)

Beachcombing, Dr ‘Was Nessie a Kelpie’, strangehistory.net, http://www.strangehistory.net/2013/12/22/was-nessie-a-kelpie/ 22 Dec 2013

Beachcombing, Dr ‘Where are the American Fairies?’ (6 Feb 2014) http://www.strangehistory.net/2014/02/06/where-are-the-american-fairies/

Beansidhe, ‘The Hidden History of Fairies’ (9 Dec 2013) http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread987001/pg1

Beddoe, Stella ‘Fairy Writing and Writers’, (ed) Martineau Victorian Fairy Painting (1998), 22-31.

Beer, I.W. ‘Fairies Are Not Dead!’ John O’London Weekly (4 April 1936), 34. 

Behringer, Wolfang Shaman of Oberstdorf: Chonrad Stoeckhlin and the Phantoms of the Night (Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 1998)

Bell, Peter ‘The Child That Went with the Fairies’: The Folk Tale and the Ghost Story’, Gary Crawford, William, Jim Rockhill and Brian J. Showers Reflections in a Glass Darkly: Essays (Hippocampus Press: New York 2011), 418-428

Bell, Peter, ‘Of Sacred Groves and Ancient Mysteries: Parallel Themes in the Writings of Arthur Machen and John Buchan’, Faunus: The Journal of the Friends of Arthur Machen 21 (Spring 2010), 26-45

Bell, William Shakespeare’s Puck, and his Folklore: Illustrated from the Superstitions of all Nations. 1852.

Bennet, Gillian ‘Women’s Personal Experience Stories of Encounters with the Supernatural: Truth as an Aspect of Storytelling Arv 40 (1984), 79-87

Bennet, Margaret ‘Balquhidder Revisited: Fairylore in the Scottish Highlands, 1690-1990’ in The Good People (Ed. Narváez 1997), 94-115.

Bennett, Margaret The Last Stronghold: Scottish Gaelic Traditions in Newfoundland (1989)

Benson, E.F. ‘The Recent Witch Burning at Clonmel’ Nineteenth Century 37 (Jan-June 1895), 1053-1059

Benwell, Gwen and Arthur Waugh Sea Enchantress: The Tale of the Mermaid and her Kin (Hutchinson, London 1961)

Beza, Marcu, ‘The Sacred Marriage in Roumanian Folklore’, Slavonic Review 4 (1925/1926), 321-333. An analysis of the zane or Romanian nymphs with Greek, Roman and even Arabic cognates: Appearance, Classical, Eastern, International and Love.

Bible Believer, ‘Fairies, Gnomes, Elves and More’, http://galatiansfour.blogspot.it/2013/11/fairies-gnomes-elves-and-more.html, 15 Nov 2013 [15 Nov 2013]

Biezais, H. ‘The Latvian Forest Spirit’ in Almqvist and Wiksell, Supernatural Owners of Nature 1961, 15-18

Billingsley, John West Yorkshire Folk Tales (Stroud: History Press 2010)

Billingsley, John Folk Tales from Calderdale: Place Legends and Lore from the Calder Valley (Mytholmroyd: Northern Earth, 2007)

Big Study, ‘Welsh Poltergeist’, http://thebiggeststudy.blogspot.it/2013/06/welsh-poltergeist-something-to-get-my.html 23 June 2013*

Big Study, ‘Black Dog’,http://thebiggeststudy.blogspot.it/2013/10/black-dog.html, 25 October 2013*

Big Study, ‘Will-o-the-Wisp’,http://thebiggeststudy.blogspot.it/2013/10/will-o-wisp-small-matter.html, 18 October 2013*

Big Study, ‘Pookhas vs Pucas’ http://thebiggeststudy.blogspot.it/2013/11/pookhas-vs-pucas.html?m=1 9 Nov 2013 [accessed 16 Nov 2013]

Bill, Janie ‘Finding Fairy Lights’ http://janiebill.com/2014/02/04/finding-fairy-lights/ (4 Feb 2014)

Binchy, Daniel ‘The Saga of Fergus mac Léti’, Ériu 16 (1952), 33-48

Binnall, Peter G. ‘A brownie legend from Lincolnshire’, Folklore 51 (1940) 219-222

Black, G.F. and Northcote W. Thomas (ed) Examples of Printed Folklore Concerning the Orkney and Shetland Islands (1903)

Black, Jeremy, Anthony Green and Tessa Rickards Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia. An Illustrated Dictionary (London 1992) [?]

Blake, Henry Letters from the Irish Highlands (London: John Murray 1825)

Blaskiewicz, Bob Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Cottingley Fairies  http://skepticalhumanities.com/2014/02/04/sir-arthur-conan-doyle-and-the-cottingley-fairies/ (4 Feb 2014)

Blavatsky, H. P. The Theosophical Glossary (London, Theosophical Publishing House 1892)

Blavatsky, H. P. Isis unveiled: a master key to the mysteries of ancient and modern science and theology (Point Loma, Aryan Theosophical Press 1919, first printed 1877)

Blomqvist, Håkan ‘Leprechauns, humanoids and dark plasma’ http://ufoarchives.blogspot.se/2013/08/leprechauns-humanoids-and-dark-plasma.html (30 August 2013: accessed 1 September 2013)*

Boase, Wendy The Folklore of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight (London: Batsford 1976)

Boardman, John ‘Very Like a Whale – Classical Sea Monsters’ Monsters and Demons in the Ancient and Medieval Worlds. Papers Presented in Honor of Edith Poranda (eds) Ann E. Farkas, Prudence O. Harper and Evelyn B. Harrison (Mainz 1987), 78-83

Booth, Thomas ‘A Morning Ramble into the Pennine Range’ Burnley Express (19 July 1884), 6

Booth, Thomas ‘A Ramble Through a Lancashire Vale’, Burnley Express and Advertiser (26 May 1883), 6

Bord, Janet Fairies: Real Encounters with Little People (London: Michael O Mara 1997)

Bord, Janet The Travellers Guide to Fairy Sites: The Landscape and Folklore of Fairyland in England, Wales and Scotland (Glastonbury: Gothic  Image Publications 2004)

Borlasse, William The dolmens of Ireland; their distribution, structural characteristics, and affinities in other countries together with the folk-lore attaching to … and traditions of the Irish people

Botthorne, Paul ‘Grigget, the Pixie [I]’, The Daily Gazette (26 February 1881), p 4

Botthorne, Paul ‘Grigget, the Pixie [II]’, The Daily Gazette (5 March 1881), p 4

Bottomley, Samuel Greenfield A Poem: with a historical sketch of Saddleworth by Samuel Bottomley (Uppermill: Moorland Books, 2012)

Bottrell, William Traditions and Hearthside Stories of West Cornwall (Penzance: Bear and Son 1870-1880), I-III (the last volume entitled Stories and Folklore of West Cornwall)

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Hand, Wayland D[ebs]. ‘European Fairy Lore in the New World’, Folklore 92 (1981), 141-148

Hansen Stieger, Sherry ‘The Wee People in My Backyard’, Our Faerie Best (ed) Anon, 11-18

Hardwick, Charles Traditions, Superstitions and Folklore (Chiefly Lancashire and the North of England) (Manchester: Ireland & Co, 1872), 124-142

Harland, John and T.T. Wilkinson, Lancashire Folk-lore: Illustrative of the Superstitioous Beliefs and Practices, Local Customs and Usages of the People of the County Palatine (London: Frederick Warne & Co. 1867), 49-62

Harland, John and T.T.Wilkinson, Lancashire Legends, Traditions, Pageants, Sports &c (London: George Routledge and Sons 1873), 10-12 and 141-142

Harpur, Patrick Daimonic Reality (London: Penguin, 1995)

Harris, Paul ‘The Green Children of Woolpit’ Fortean Times 57, Spring 1991, 39, 41.

Harrison, Paul ‘In New York: Fairy Story’, The Sandusky Star Journal (22 December, 1934), 4

Harte, Jeremy ‘Bibliographical Note’ At the Edge 10 (1998)

Harte, Jeremy ‘Do elves have rights?’ At the Edge 10 (1998), http://www.indigogroup.co.uk/edge/fairies4.htm read in htlm form in May 2012.

Harte, Jeremy ‘Hollow Hills’ http://www.indigogroup.co.uk/edge/hollow.htm

Harte, Jeremy ‘Medieval Fairies: Now You See Them Now You Don’t’ At the Edge 10 (1998), http://www.indigogroup.co.uk/edge/fairies1.htm read in htlm form in May 2012.

Harte, Jeremy Explore Fairy Traditions (Loughborough: Heart of Albion Press 2004)

Hartland, Edwin Sidney The Science Of Fairy Tales An Inquiry Into Fairy Mythology (London: Walter Scott Publishing, 1890)

Harvey, Clodagh Brennan ‘Some Irish Women Storytellers and Reflections on the Role of Women in the Storytelling Tradition’. Western Folklore 48 (1989) 109-128

Haut, Judith Ellen Children’s Belief: A Folkloristic Study of Conceptualization, Experimentation and Communication Los Angeles 1989 phd thesis

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Hazlitt, W.Carew (ed) Brand’s Popular Antiquities of Great Britain, Faiths and Folklore: Beliefs, Superstitions and Popular Customs Faiths and Folklore: A Dictionary of National Beliefs, Superstitions and Popular Customs, Past and Current, with Their Classical and Foreign Analogues, (London: Reeves and Turner, 1905), II vols.

Hazlitt, W.Carew (ed), ‘Browny’, Faiths and Folklore (1905), I, 79

Hazlitt, W.Carew (ed), ‘Changelings’, Faiths and Folklore (1905), I, 101-103

Hazlitt, W.Carew (ed), ‘Dessil’, Faiths and Folklore (1905), I, 175-176

Hazlitt, W.Carew (ed), ‘Elf [and Elf-Disease, Elf-Fire, Elf-Locks and Elf-Shots]’, Faiths and Folklore (1905), I, 207-209

Hazlitt, W.Carew (ed), ‘Fairy Rings’, Faiths and Folklore (1905), I, 175-176

Hazlitt, W.Carew (ed), ‘Fairy Sparks, etc [Fairy Butter]’, Faiths and Folklore (1905), I, 176

He, Daniel and Tara MacIsaac ‘6 Credible Elf Incidents’ Epoch Times (7 Jan 2014) http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/427555-real-evidence-of-mythical-creatures-hobbits-video/

Heininge, Kathleen A. ‘‘Untiring Joys and Sorrows’: Yeats and the Sidhe’, New Hibernia Review 8 (2004), 101-116. KH problematises Yeats’ already problematic relationship with the Sidhe with liberal sprinklings of post-colonial theory!: 19, 20, Belief, Celtic, Changelings, Christianity, Cleary, Ireland and Origins.  

Helgerson, Richard ‘The Buckbasket, the Witch, and the Queen of Fairies: The Women’s World of Shakespeare’s Windsor’ Renaissance Culture and the Everyday, (ed) Patricia Fumerton and Simon Hunt (Philadelphia, U of Pennsylvania 1999), 162-182

Helliwell, Tanis Summer with the Leprechauns (Llandeilo Cygnus Books 1997)

Henderson, Lizanne and Edward J. Cowan Scottish Fairy Belief (East Linton: Tuckwell Press, 2001)

Henderson, William Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders (London: W.Satchell, Peyton and Co., 1879)                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

Hewlett, Maurice ‘Fairies in Photographs’ John O’London’s Weekly (18 December 1920), 359

Hewlett, Maurice Lore of Proserpine (New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons 1913)

Hickey, William ‘England, Home and Bromides’ (29 August 1939), 6

Hickman, Matt ‘Elf advocates, environmentalists rally against Icelandic highway project’ Mother Nature Network http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/wilderness-resources/blogs/elf-advocates-environmentalists-rally-against-icelandic (26 Dec 2013)

Hill, I ‘A Tryst with a Fairy’, John O’London Weekly (23 May 1936), 281

Himelfarb, Ellen ‘Thierry Dreyfus lights up Istanbul’s ‘fairy-haunted’ Perili Köşk mansion’ Wallpaper.com http://www.wallpaper.com/art/thierry-dreyfus-lights-up-istanbuls-fairy-haunted-perili-kk-mansion/6922 , 8 Nov 2013 (accessed 10 Nov 2013)*

Hirsch, Edward ‘Coming Out into the Light: W.B.Yeats’s The Celtic Twilight (1893, 1902)’, Folklore Institute 18 (1981) 1-22

Hirsch, Edward ‘Contention is Better than Loneliness: The Poet as Folklorist’ The Genres of the Irish Literary Revival (ed) Schleifer (1980), 11-25

Hirsch, Edward ‘Wisdom and Power: Yeats and the Commonwealth of Faery’, Yeats Eliot Review 8 (1986) 22-40

Hitchens, Christopher ‘Fairy Tales Can Come True’, Vanity Fair (Oct 1997), 45-52

Hodson, Geoffrey Fairies at Work and Play (Wheaton, Theosophical Publishing House 1982)

Hoff, Joan and Marian Yeates The Cooper’s Wife is Missing: The Trials of Bridget Cleary (New York: Basic Books, 2000)

Holiday, Ted and Colin Wilson (preface) The Goblin Universe. (St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn, 1986)

Hope, Elizabeth English homes and villages, Kent and Sussex (1909), 143

Hope, Robert Charles The legendary lore of the holy wells of England: including rivers, lakes, fountains and springs (1893)

Hore, Herbert ‘Origin of the Irish Superstition Regarding Banshees and Fairies’ Journal R.S.A. Ireland vol.5, 5th series, 115-129.

Hoult, Powis A Dictionary of Some Theosophical Terms (London, The Theosophical Publishing Society, 1910)

Howells, William Cambrian Superstitions (London, Longman 1831)

Hoy, Tana ‘Are Real Fairies And Pixies Living Under Your Bed?’ http://www.tanahoy.com/fairies-and-elves/are-fairies-real/ 11 Nov 2013 [16 Nov 2013]

Hsin-Yin, Lee ‘Want to be a fairy? Get the nod from sea goddess Matsu’, Focus Taiwan http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201312220002.aspx (22 Dec 2013)

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Hulse, Loretto J. ‘New Kennewick gift shop believes in fairies’ Tri-City Heraldhttp://www.tri-cityherald.com/2013/11/22/2693010/new-kennewick-gift-shop-believes.html  (22 Nov 2013)

Hultin, Neil ‘An O’Connellite in Whiehall: Thomas Crofton Croker, 1798-1854’ Éire-Ireland 28 (1993), 61-86

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Hultkrantz, Åke The Supernatural Owners of Nature: Nordic symposium on the religious conceptions of ruling spirits (genii loci, genii specie) and allied concepts (Uppsala  Almqvist & Wiksell 1961)

Hunt, Leigh ‘Fairies’ in Day by the Fire and Other Papers Hitherto Uncollected (Robert Brothers, Boston 1870) 81-123

Hunt, Leigh ‘Genii and Fairies of the East, The Arabian Nights &c’ in Day by the Fire and Other Papers Hitherto Uncollected (Robert Brothers, Boston 1870), 124-155

Hunt, Robert Popular Romances of the West of England (London, Chatto and Windus 1881)

Hunter, M (ed) The occult laboratory: magic,. Science and second sight in late seventeenth century Scotland (2001)

Huntington, Tom ‘The Man Who Believed in Fairies’, Smithsonian (Sep 1997), 105-114

Huntsdale, Justin ‘Real Life Fairy Taking Magic to Indigenous Communities’ ABC (25 Nov 2013) http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2013/11/25/3898520.htm

Hutton, Ronald ‘Witch-hunting in Celtic societies’ Past and Present, 212 (2011), 43-71

Inglis, Brian ‘Beware of the Thing’, The Spectator (9 Nov, 1951), 597

Innes, Elsie The Elfin Oak of Kensington Gardens (Frederick Warne & Co, 1930)

Jackson, Russell ‘Shakespeare’s Fairies in Victorian Criticism and Performance’, (ed) Martineau, Victorian Fairy Painting (1998), 38-45

Jacksties, Sharon Somerset Folk Tales

Jago, Fred W.P. The Ancient Language and the Dialect of Cornwall with an Enlarged Glossary of Cornish Provincial Words: Also an Appendix Containing A List of Writers on Cornish Dialect, and Additional Information about Dolly Pentreath, the Last Known Person who Spoke the Ancient Cornish as Her Mother Tongue (Truro, Netherton & Worth, 1882)

James, Catrin Celtic Faery Shamanism (Chieveley: Cappel Bann Publishing 1998)

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Jastrow, Joseph Wish and Wisdom, Episodes in the Vagaries of Belief (1935)

Jeffrey, Peter East Anglian Ghosts Legends and Lore (Lucas Books 2006)

Jenkins, AK. Hamilton Cornwall and the Cornish: The Story, Religion and Folklore of ‘the Western Land’ (1933)

Jenkins, David Erwyd and William Bleddyn Jones, Bedd Gelert: Its Facts, Fairies, & Folk-lore

Jenkins, Richard P. ‘Witches and Fairies: Supernatural Aggression and Deviance Among the Irish Peasantry’ Narvaez The Good People: New Fairylore Essays 1997, 302-335

Jenner, Henry ‘Piskies: a folk-lore study’, Annual Report of the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society 83 (1916), 130-151

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Johnson, Marjorie Naturgeister: Wahre Erlebnisse mit Elfen und Zwergen (Aquamarin, Grafing 2000)

Johnson, Marjorie Seeing Fairies: Authentic Reports of Fairies in Modern Times (manuscript 1996)

Johnson, Marjorie, Il Popolo del Bosco (Editoriale Armenia, Milan 2004), Isbn 8834417305, pp. 375.

Jolly, Karen Louise Popular Religion in Late Saxon England: Elf Charms in Context (Chapel Hill: the University of North Carolina Press, 2009)

Jolly, Louise Whatever happened to the pixies? The shrinking role of Snap, Crackle and Pop in British Rice Crispies Advertising’, Gramarye 2 (2012), 63-77

Jones, Edmund A Geographical, Historical and Religious Account of the Parish of Aberystruth: in the County of Monmouth, to which are Added Memoirs of Several Persons of Note, Who Lived in the Said Parish (Trevecka 1779)

Jones, Edmund The Appearance of Evil: Apparitions of Spirits in Wales (Cardiff: University of Wales Press 2003), (ed) John Harvey

Jones, William ‘The Fairies Ring’, Bentley’s Miscellany 12 (1842), 46

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Kallo, A., Irene Lakatos and L. Szijarto ‘Leprechaunism (Donohue’s syndrome)’ Journal of Pediatrics 66 372-9

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Kennedy, Patrick The Banks of the Boro: A Chronicle of the County Wexford (London: Simpkin and Marshall 1867)

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Kennedy, Patrick The Fireside Stories of Ireland (Dublin: McGlashan and Gill, 1870)

Kennedy, Patrick  Evenings in the Duffrey (Dublin: McGlashan and Gill, 1870)

Kennedy, Patrick Legendary Fictions of the Irish Celts (London: Macmillan 1866)

Kent, W. Charles ‘Lords and Ladies: A Sylvan Fancy’, Bentley’s Miscellany 44 (1858), 305-306

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Kerr, John ‘Revels Round a Bush’ John O’London’s Weekly (11 April 1936), p. 65

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L.G., ‘Pixy-led: A Devonshire Tale, Partly in the Devonshire Dialect’, The Western Times (Tuesday 30 May 1865), 4

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Lach-Szyrma, W.S. ‘Cornish and Other Folklore’ The Cornishman (Thursday 3 November 1881), p. 3

Lach-Szyrma, W.S. ‘M. Sebillot’s System as Applied to Cornish Folklore’, Transactions of the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society, New Series (1882), 132-150

Lamb, Mary Ellen ‘Taken by the Fairies: Fairy Practices and the Production of Popular Culture in A Midsummer Night’s Dream’, Shakespeare Quarterly 51 (2000), 277-312

Lambourne, Lionel ‘Fairies and the Stage’, (ed) Martineau Victorian Fairy Painting (1998), 46-53

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Lang, Andrew The Book of Dreams and Ghosts (London, Longmans , Green and Co 1897)

Lang, Andrew The Story of Joan of Arc: The Maid of Orleans (New York, McLoughlin Bros, 1906)

Lang, Andrew ‘Changelings’, Illustrated London News (25 May 1895), 651

Lang, Andrew Elizabeth Taylor and William Martin ‘Goblins’ Folklore 1 (1902), 183-187

Latham, M.W. The Elizabethen Fairies (Columbia University Press, 1931)

Lazell, David ‘Modern Fairy Tales’, Fortean Times 71 (Oct-Nov 1993), 39

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan ‘Ultor deLacy: A Legend of Cappercullen’, Dublin University Magazine 58 (1861), 694-707

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan ‘Duan na Claev: The Legend of the Glaive’, Dublin University Magazine 61 (1863), 210-216

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan ‘Squire Toby’s Will: A Ghost Story’, Temple Bar 22 (January 1868), 212-236

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan ‘the Child that Went With the Fairies’, All the Year Round 3 (5 Feb 1870), 228-233

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan ‘The White Cat of Drumgunniol’, All the Year Round 3 (2 April 1870), 420-425

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan ‘Stories of Lough Guir’, All the Year Round (23 April 1870), 493-498

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan ‘The Vision of Tom Chuff’, All the Year Round (8 Oct 1870), 450-456

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan ‘Madam Crowl’s Ghost’ All the Year Round (31 December 1870), 114-120

Le Fanu, Joseph Sheridan ‘Laura Silver Bell’, Belgravia Annual (December 1872), 33-40

Le Fanu, William Richard Seventy Years of Irish Life (London: Edward Arnold, 1893)

Leach, MacEdward ‘Fairy’ Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology and Legend (New York, Funk and Wagnalls, 1972) 363-5

Leach, MacEdward ‘The Men Behind the Lore’, Expedition 4 (1961) 8-11

Leadbeater, C. W. A Textbook of Theosophy (Madras, Theosophical Publishing House 1912), pp. 148

Leadbeater, C. W. Clairvoyance (Madras, Theosophical Publishing House 1899), pp. 202

Leadbeater, C. W. Seven Addresses Given for Love of a Star (Madras, Theosophical Publishing House 1917) pp. 104

Leadbeater, C.W. The Astral Plane: Its Scenery, Inhabitants and Phenomena (London, Theosophical Publishing House 1900), pp. 124

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Lecouteux, Claude Démons et génies du terroir au Moyen Age (Paris 1995)

Lecouteux, Claude Les Nains et les elfes au Moyen Age (Paris 1988)

Lecouteux, Claude Phantom Armies of the Nigh: The Wild Hunt and the Ghostly Processions of the Undead (Rochester: Inner Traditions 2011)

Lecouteux, Claude Witches, Werewolves and Fairies: Shapeshifters and Astral Doubles in the Middle Ages (Rochester: Inner Traditions, 2003)

Lee, Charles ‘Wisht Wood’, The Cornish Magazine 1 (1898), 252-260

Lees, Edwin ‘Difficulties in the Derivations of Local Placenames: the Pigs’ Path’, Berrow’s Worcester Journal (Saturday 24 February 1877), 3

Lees, Edwin ‘More about the Pigs and Pixies’, Berrow’s Worcester Journal (Saturday 7 April 1877), 3

Lenihan, Eddie and Carolyn Eve Green Meeting the Other Crowd: The Fairy Stories of Hidden Ireland (New York: Penguin 2004)

Lenihan, Edmund In Search of Biddy Early (Dublin, Mercier Press 1987)

Leone-Cross, Lauren ‘Fairy homes a magical moment for children at Indian Summer Festival’, State Journal Register http://www.sj-r.com/breaking/x452551354/Fairy-homes-a-magical-moment-for-children-at-festival#ixzz2iorIoMLr (13 Oct 2013)

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Levy, Joel Fabulous Creatures and Other Magical Beings (Carroll and Brown, London 2006), Isbn 1904760465, pp. 224

Lewis, C.S. The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature (Cambridge: University Press, 1964), [pp. 122-138]

Lind, Frank ‘Dancing Fairies: The Occult Case Book’ Prediction (August 1948), p. 450

Lofthouse, Jessica North-Country Folklore (Robert Hale: London, 1976)

Logan, Patrick The Old Gods: Facts about Irish Fairies (Belfast Appletree 1981)

Loomis, Roger Sherman Celtic Myth and Arthurian Romance (New York Columbian University Press, 1927)

Losure, Mary The Fairy Ring: or Elsie and Frances Fool the World  (Somerville, Candlewick Press 2012) Lovkrona, Inger. ‚Det ar bestamt en byting.’ Dordi Larsdotter och hennes vanfora barn. En studie utifran ett gotlandskt domstolsfall [The child is surely a changeling] Budkavlen 68 (1989), 5-18

Loveday, Ray Hikey Sprites:The Twlight of a Norfolk Tradition (Norwich: E. Ray Loveday, 2009)

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Lyle, Emily B. ‘The Ballad Tam Lin and traditional tales of recovery from the fairy troop’, Studies in Scottish Literature 6 (1968), 175-185

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M.E.H., ‘Fairies and Pixies’, John O’London’Weekly (11 July 1936), 544

M’C, L. ‘Folklore of the County Donegal: The Fairies’, The Cornhill Magazine 35 (1877), 172-181. Mack, Carol and Dinah Mack A Field Guide to Demons, Fairies, Fallen Angels and Other Subversive Spirits (Holt 1999)

Maas, Jeremy et alii, Victorian Fairy Painting (London: Royal Academy of Art 1997)

Mac Manus, Dermot The Middle Kingdom: The Faerie World of Ireland (Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe, 1973)

MacCárthaigh, Críostóir ‘Midwife to the Fairies: The Irish Variants in Their Scottish and Scandinavian Perspective’ Béaloideas 59 (1991) 133-43

MacClaren, Archibald The Fairy Family: A series of ballads and metrical tales, illustrating the fairy mythology of Europe (London: MacMillan and Co. 1874)

MacCulloch, J.A. ‘The Mingling of fairy and witch beliefs in sixteenth and seventeenth century Scotland’, Folk-lore 32 (1921), 227-244

MacCulloch, J.A. ‘Were fairies an earlier race of men?’ Folk-lore 43, 362-375

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MacGregor, Alasdair Alpin ‘To the Editor of Folk-Lore’ Folklore 66 (1955), 302

Macgregor, Alexander Highland Superstitions: Connected with the Druids, Fairies, Witchcraft, Second-sight, and Hallowe’en (Stirling: Eneas Mackay, 1901)

MacKensie, D.A. Scottish Folk Lore and Scottish Folk Life (London, Blackie 1935)

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Maclaren, Achibald The fairy family; a series of ballads & metrical tales illustrating the fairy mythology of Europe (London, Macmillan & Co 1874)

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Marshall, Howard Wight ‘‘Tom Tit Tot’: A Comparative Essay on Aarne-Thompson Type 500 – The Name of the Helper.’ Folklore 84 (1973) 51-57.

Marshall, Peter ‘Protestants and fairies in early modern England’, C. Scott Dixon and Dagmar Freist and Mark Greengrass Living with religious diversity in early modern Europe. St. Andrews studies in Reformation history (Farnham: Ashgate 2009),  pp. 139-159

Marshall, Peter ‘Ann Jeffries and the Fairies: Folk Belief and the War on Scepticism in Later Stuart England’, The Extraordinary and the Everyday in Early Modern England: Essays in the Celebration of the Work of Bernard Capp (ed) Angela McShane and Garthine Walker (Lonon: Palgrave Macmillan 2010), 127-141

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Mather, Marshall Lancashire Idylls (London: Frederick Warne and Co. 1898)

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Matthews, Rupert Mysterious Yorkshire (DB Publishing 2012)

McCarthy, Michael J.F.  Five Years in Ireland: 1895-1900 (Dublin 1901)

McCoy, Edain ‘Childish Things’, Our Faerie Best (ed) Anon, 2006 77-83

McDonagh, Josephine Child Murder and British Culture, 1720-1900 (Cambidge, CUP: 2003)

McEwan, Graham Mystery Animals of Britain and Ireland (Robert Hale Ltd 1986)

McHargue, Georgess The Impossible People: A History Natural and Unnatural of Beings Terrible and Wonderful (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston 1972)

McHugh, Roger ‘W. B. Yeats: Letters to Matthew Russell, S.J.’ The Irish Monthly, 81 (Feb., 1953), 60-63

McKay, John ‘The Evolution of East Lancashire Boggarts’, Transactions of the Burnley Literary & Scientific Club 6 (1888), 113-127

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Melnotte, Claude ‘Fairies’ The Era (4 Jan 1863), 7

Menefee, S.P. ‘A Cake in the Furrow’ Folklore 91.2 (1980): 173-192

Menefee, S.P., and Lotte Motz ‘A Further Note on A Cake in the Furrow’ Folklore 93.2(1982): 220-222.

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van Gelder, Dora The Real World of Fairies: A true first person account (Wheaton, Theosophical Publishing: 1977)

Varner, Gary V. The Folklore Of Faeries, Elves & Little People – A Study In A Cultural Phenomenon (Lulu 2012)

Vaux, Rev Edward Church Folklore: A Record of Some Post-Reformation Usages in the English Church, Now Mostly Obsolete (London, Griffith Farran & Co 1894)

Vejvoda, Kathleen ‘Too Much Knowledge of the Other World’: Women and Nineteenth-Century Irish Folktales’ Literature and Culture 32 (2004), 41-61

Vesey, Margaret Riders at Sunset and Other Stories (illustrator M Cox), Arthur H. Coxwell Ltd, Ilfracombe 1957)

Vest, Paul M. ‘Could Fairies Be Real’ Our Faerie Best (ed) Anon, 1-10

Vickery, Roy ‘Lemna minor and Jenny Greenteeth’ Folklore 94 (1983), 247-251

Vickery, Roy ‘Linnaeus and the Changeling’ Folklore 99 (1988), 250

Vincent S.J. ‘Old Moorland Philosopher’ Western Morning News (Saturday 8 September 1934), 8

Virtue, Doreen Fairies 101: An Introduction to Connecting, Working, and Healing with the Fairies and Other Elementals (Hay House 2007)

W.H.H. ‘Tommy Rees: A Fairy Legend of the Vale of Neath’ The Bristol Mercury and Western Counties Advertiser (Saturday 27 October 1877), 6

W.S.L.S. ‘Cornish Popular Mythology’, Royal Cornwall Gazette (Saturday 27 November 1875), p. 8

Wade, James ‘Abduction, Surgery, Madness: An Account of a Little Red Man in Thomas Walshingham’s Chronica Maiora’ Medium Aevum 77 (2008), 10-29

Wade, James Fairies in Medieval Romance (New York: Palgrave and Macmillan 2011)

Waldron, David and Christopher Reeve, Shock! The Black Dog of Bungay: A Case Study in Local Folklore (Milton Keynes: Hidden Publishing 2010)

Waldron, George A Description of the Isle of Man (London 1726)

Walker, Peter N. Folk Tales from the North York Moors (Robert Hale Ltd 1990)

Wall, Wendy ‘Why Does Puck Sweep? Fairylore, Merry Wives and Social Struggle’ Shakespeare Quarterly 52 (Spring 2001), 67-106

Walsh, Brian The Secret Commonwealth and the Fairy Belief Complex (Xlibris 2002)

Warrack, John ‘Fairy Music’ (ed) Martineau Victorian Fairy Painting (1998), 32-37

Waterhouse, Nicholas ‘The Greenwood of Shakespeare’ Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 5 (1865), 48-72

Watson, Jeanie Risking Enchantment: Coleridge’s Symbolic World of Faery (University of Nebraska Press 1990)

Watson, Nigel ‘Enigma Variations’, Fortean Times 33 (Autumn 1980), 42-43

Waugh, Edwin Sketches of Lancashire Life and Localities (Manchester, James Galt and Co, 1855)

Weatherhill, Craig and Paul Devereux Myths and Legends of Cornwall (Wilmslow: Sigma Leisure, 1994)

Webster, Richard ‘Nature Spirits of New Zealand’ Anon Our Faerie Best, 105-109

Weeks, Self ‘Haunted Houses: Some Clitheroe Legends’ Burnley Express and Advertiser (9 June 1900), 2

Wells, Rosemary The Tooth Fairy (1980)

Westlake, E. ‘A Traditional Hallucination’ Journal of the Society for Psychical Research 11 (1904), 191-193

Westropp, Thos. J. ‘A Folklore Survey of County Clare’, Folklore 2 (1910), 180-199

Westwood, Jennifer and Jacqueline Simpson The Lore of the Land: A Guide to English Legends from Spring-Heeled jack to the Witches of Warboys (London: Penguin 2005)

Westwood, Jennifer Albion: A Guide to Legendary Britain (London: Grafton 1987) [first published 1985]

Whistler, C.W. ‘Local Traditions of the Quantocks’, Folklore 19 (1908), 31-51

White Trimpe, Pamela ‘Victorian Fairy Book Illustration’ (ed) Martineau Victorian Fairy Painting (1998), 54-61

White, Carolyn  A History of Irish Fairies (Mercier, Dublin 2001)

White, Walter A Month in Yorkshire (London: Chapman and Hall, 1861), 104-105

Whittle, Mrs James ‘Festivities and Superstitions of Devonshire’, Bentley’s Miscellany 21 (1847), 301-310

Wiesenthal, Chris ‘Review: Silver, Strange and Secret Peoples’, Victorian Studies 43 (2001), 475-478

Wilby, Emma ‘The Witch’s Familiar and the Fairy in Early Modern England and Scotland’ Folklore 111 (2000), 283-305

Wilby, Emma Cunning Folk and Familiar Spirits: Shamanistic Visionary Traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic (Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press 2005)

Wilde, Lady Jane Francesca Ancient Cures, Charms, and Usages, Contributions to Irish Lore (Detroit, Singing Tree Press 1970)

Wilde, William R. Lough Corrib, its Shores and Islands with Notices of Lough Mask (Dublin, McGlashan and Gill 1867), pp. 305

Wilde, William R. Irish Popular Superstitions (Dublin 1972)

Wilkinson, Tattersall ‘Ancient and Modern Wosrthorne’, Burnley Express and Advertiser (4 Nov 1882), 6

Williams, Jan Essex Folk Tales (Stroud: the History Press, 2012)

Williams, John The Medieval History of Denbeighshire: Records of Denbigh and its Lordship Bearing Upon the General History of the County of Denbigh Since the Conquest of Wales Illustrated with Many Gems of Welsh Mediaeval Poetry Never Before Published (Wrexham, George Bayley 1860)

Williams, Melinda ‘Love of fairy tales grows into unique works of art’, Southwest Times http://www.southwesttimes.com/2013/10/love-of-fairy-tales-grows-into-unique-works-of-art/comment-page-1/ (26 October 2013)*

Williams, Noel ‘The Semantics of the Word Fairy: Making Meaning out of Thin Air.’ The Good People 1997, 457-478

Wimberly, Charles ‘The Ballad Fairy’, Folklore in the English and Scottish Ballads (1928), 167-202

Winberry, John J. ‘The Elusive Elf: Some Thoughts on the Nature and Origin of the Irish Leprechaun’, Folklore 87 (1976), 63-75.

Winkler, K Pilgrim of the Clear Light: The Biography of Dr Walter Y Evans-Wentz (Berkeley CA 1982)

Wood, Christopher Fairies in Victorian Art (Woodbridge: Antique Collectors Club 2008)

Wood, Juliette, The Fairy Bride Legend in Wales’ Folklore 103 (1992) 56-72

Wood, Thomas True Thomas (Jonathan Cape, London 1936)

Woodcock, Matthew Fairy in the Faerie Queene: Renaissance Elf-Fashioning and Elizabethan Myth-Making (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2004)

Wood-Martin, W. G. ‘Traces of the elder Faiths: fairy and marriage lore’, Ulster Journal of Archaeology 4 (1898) 36-44, 90-100

Wood-Martin, W.G. Traces of the Elder Faiths of Ireland.(London, Longmans, Green and Co., 1902) 2 vols., pp. 405, pp. 438

Wood-Rees, W.D. ‘Otterham Ghost: What Parson Scone Forgot’ Western Morning News (Friday 21 August 1925), 6

Woods, Oscar ‘Criminal Responsibility of the Insane’, Journal of Mental Science 60, 171 (October 1894), 609-621

Woods, Oscar ‘Notes of some cases of Folie a Deux in several members of the same family’, Journal of Mental Science 63, 183 (October 1897), 822-825

Woolheater, Craig ‘Anthropologist Held Hostage by Elves for 7 Years’ Cryptomundo (16 Nov 2013: accessed 23 Nov) http://www.cryptomundo.com/bigfoot-report/anthropologist-held-hostage-by-elves-for-7-years/

X, ‘Fairy Rings’, West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser (Thursday 8 December 1870), 6

Yates, G.C. ‘Mr G.C.Yates exhibited a number of stones…’ Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society 6 (1888), 241-242

Yeats, W.B Uncollected Prose of W.B.Yeats (ed) John Frayne (New York 1970-1976)

Yeats, W.B. The Autobiography

Yeats, W.B. Irish Fairy and Folk Tales

Yeats, W.B. Writings on Irish Folklore, Legend and Myth (London: Penguin, 1993)

Young, Simon ‘Three Cornish Fairy Notes: (1) William Dunn and the Piskies, 1869, (2) The Brownie of Penzance, 1879, (3) Piskeys on the Border, c. 1930’ Devon and Cornwall Notes and Queries 41 (2012), 1-4

Young, Simon ‘Three Notes on West Yorkshire Fairies in the Nineteenth Century’ Folklore 123 (2012), 223-230

Young, Simon ‘Fairy Imposters in County Longford in the Great Famine’, Studia Hibernica 38 (2012), 181-199

Young, Simon ‘Necrolog: Marjorie Johnson’, Fortean Times 292 (September 2012), 26-27

Young, Simon ‘Fairies and Railways: A Nineteenth-Century Topos and its Origins’ Notes and Queries 59 (2012), 401-403

Young, Simon ‘Some Notes on Irish Fairy Changelings in Nineteenth-Century Newspapers’, Béascna 8 (2013), 34-47

Young, Simon ‘Against Taxonomy: the Fairy Families of Cornwall’, Cornish Studies 21 (2013)

Young, Simon ‘A History of the Fairy Investigation Society, 1927-1960’, Folklore 124 (2013), 139-156

Young, Simon ‘Five Notes on Nineteenth-Century Cornish Changelings’,Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall(2013), 51-79

Young, Simon ‘Two Notes on Edmund Jones’ Relations of Apparitions’ Studi Celtici (2013 or 2014?)

Zaleski, Patrick ‘If They Are There God Watches Them’, Inforum, http://www.inforum.com/event/article/id/416457/group/Opinion/ 26 October 2013 [accessed 2 November]

Zimmerman, George Denis The Irish Storyteller (Dublin, Four Courts 2001)

Zipes, Jack The Enchanted Screen: The Unknown History of Fairy-Tale Films (London: Routledge, 2011)

Zipes, Jack Victorian Fairy Tales: The Revolt of the Fairies and Elves (London Routledge 1989)

* In the case of webarticle we keep a pdf copy (because web articles and sites disappear with much rapidity!). If any reader has problems accessing said page then we will gladly send the relevant piece on, even to the authors themselves (it has happened!).

 

There follows here a list of 100 non-fiction fairy books that are worth reading. We’ve split the books into three different lists. The first part are the ten most useful fairy books in order. The second part are, in random order, the next twenty most important books. Then, the third part, includes the final seventy books. If anyone finishes all of these, then, we’d love to hear from you…

1) Harte, Jeremy Explore Fairy Traditions (Loughborough: Heart of Albion Press 2004)

Pages: 171

Status: Common (15 dollars?)

Description: The best single introduction to British and Irish fairylore: get ready for some hard thinking.

Off-site reviews: HOAP (scroll down for review selection)

2) Spence, Lewis The Fairy Tradition in Britain (London: Rider, 1948)

Pages: 300

Status: Quite common (20 dollars second hand?)

Description: Spence was content to describe British and Irish traditions here, leaving the theorizing for Fairy Origins. The result is a well balanced and sensible guide to fairylore, lacking some of LS’ typical excesses.

3) Bord, Janet Fairies: Real Encounters with Little People (London: Michael O Mara 1997)

Pages: 182

Status: Common (10 dollars second hand?)

Description: A Fortean style study looking at the evidence for fairies and the reasons behind sightings.

Off-site review: Fortean Times

4) Evans-Wentz, W.Y. The Fairy Faith in Fairy Countries (London: Colin Smythe 1978) [first published 1911]

Pages: 524

Status: Very Common (5 dollars used or free from archive.org )

Description: Evans-Wentz managed to convince Oxford University Press to publish a book about the reality of fairies. Sound unlikely? Many contemporaries were shocked too. The first portion of the book includes a valuable series of fairy memorates from Brittany, Cornwall, Ireland Man, Scotland and Wales. The second part of the book employs arguments from theosophy to argue for the realityof fairies.

Off site review:  River Journal

Off Site Book History: Strange History

5) Briggs, Katherine The Vanishing People: A Study of Traditional Fairy Beliefs (London: B.T. Batsford Ltd. 1978)

Pages: 218

Status: Common (20 dollars second hand?)

Description: Among the best folklore-themed overviews of fairy life, written by the most important twentieth-century fairyist. Easy on the brain.

Off site reviews: Good Reads

6) Hall, Alaric Elves in Anglo-Saxon England: Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity (Woodbridge: Boydell and Brewer 2007)

Pages: 226

Status: Rareish (50 dollars second hand?). The book is a revised version of a PhD. AH has generously put this PhD online free of charge. http://www.alarichall.org.uk/phd.php

Description: A very academic, very rigorous and always impressive guide to Anglo-Saxon elf belief.

Off-site reviews: Fortean Times

7) Bord, Janet The Travellers Guide to Fairy Sites: The Landscape and Folklore of Fairyland in England, Wales and Scotland (Glastonbury: Gothic  Image Publications 2004)

Pages: 294

Status: Common (15 dollars second hand?)

Description: JB splits breaks Britain down into regions and maps and describes all the most famous fairy sites: well-referenced.

8) Johnson, Marjorie Seeing Fairies: Authentic Reports of Fairies in Modern Times (manuscript 1996)

Pages: c. 400

Status: Ultra rare (not yet published in English), though it can be read in German and Italian.

Description: After Evans-Wentz the biggest collection of fairy sightings ever made.

9) Wilby, Emma Cunning Folk and Familiar Spirits: Shamanistic Visionary Traditions in Early Modern British Witchcraft and Magic (Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press 2005)

Pages: 316

Status: Quite common (20 dollars used?)

Description: A revolutionary book arguing that fairies were witches’ familiars.

Off-site review: Egregores and Strange History

10) Purkiss, Diane Troublesome Things: A History of Fairies and Fairy Stories (London: Penguin, 2000) [warning that this title goes by several names, DP has only written one fairy book!]

Pages: 350

Status: Common

Description: A maverick academic survey of the history of fairy belief. Sometimes criticized but actually one of the best historical surveys.

Offsite Review: Fortean Times

If you want 11-30

Consider this description of this fairy from Lewis Carroll: ‘[S]he seemed so good and gentle that I’m sure she would never expect that any one could wish to hurt her. She was only a few inches high, and was dressed in green, so that you really would hardly have noticed her among the long grass; and she was so delicate and graceful that she quite seemed to belong to the place, almost as if she were one of the flowers.’ Nauseating? Perhaps but we have to remember that the faries were emasculated by the Victorians and made into tea-cosies for various morality tales. However, in rural districts in Britain the memory that fairies could be dangerous continued well into the nineteenth-century; and in Ireland the memory is alive in places to the present day. It is there in the early and mid nineteenth-century folklore collectors like Thomas Crofton Croker and John Roby; it is even more evident in the fairy story-tellers who happened to get into print, William Bottrell (particularly his Selena Moor) and Thomas Shaw, to name two from a handful.

This memory of how dangerous and ambivalent fairies could be slowly fed through into nineteenth-century fiction, particularly as the century wore on and writers were getting impatient with all the tiresome bunk about progress and Rule Britannia. Perhaps the first to rebel against the cute Victorian fairy was that extraordinary early fantasy writer George MacDonald. The supernatural creatures he conjures into being are ambivalent and occasionally deadly: his books today are little read, but if anyone is interested at least the likes of Phantastes: A Faerie Romance for Men and Women (1858) can be picked up at Archive free of charge; ditto Dealings with Fairies (1867); At the Back of the North Wind (1871) and Lilith (1895).

Other Victorian writers were chipping away at the edges of the nursery fairy too. J.H.Riddell published the ‘Banshee’s Warning’ in 1867, banshees are by some estimates ghosts, according to others fairies. William Carleton, an unsentimental Irish writer published ‘Frank Martin and the Fairies’ in 1869, which describes the death of a child. It is unclear whether the fairies are to blame or whether they’re just predicting a family’s misfortune: in either case you come away from the tale with a nasty taste in the mouth. However, the most successful fusion of literature with frightening fairies belonged to another Irish writer Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu. He was responsible for one of the most sinister fairy tales ever written ‘The Child that Went with the Fairies’, first published in All the Year Round in 1869–1870. A child is, as the title suggests, stolen and let’s just say a lady in a coach makes an appearance: she will echo down through fantasy writing, in Le Fanu’s Carmilla and in a sledge in the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. A lesser known Le Fanu story is ‘Laura Silver Bell’: this fairy horror is based in the north-east of England. It too doesn’t finish well: you are perhaps noticing a pattern…

This interest in traditional fairies would be continued by ‘Fiona MacLeod’, the pen name of William Sharp, a Scottish writer: Yeats by the way rated MacLeod but not Sharp as a writer! FM wrote a series of short stories where fairies are pretty damn scary: for example, The Washer of the Ford (1899). His greatest contribution though came in The Immortal Hour (1908), which would later prove the inspiration for the opera of the same name by Boughton. The story is not very scary, but Boughton’s reworking of it sometimes is.  Laurence Housman’s Blind Love (1901) also owes something to tradition and that’s another story that finishes badly.

Grant Allen, a late nineteenth-century science writer opened up fairy horror with his short story, ‘Pallinghurst Barrow’ in 1892. AG had been inspired by the idea (one usually ascribed to David Mac Ritchie though it is actually a little older) that fairies were an earlier race of man. So far so good and the scene is set for a rumble in a local Neolithic Barrow. But then a ghost makes his appearance and the whole thing gets a little muddled. It would be other late Victorian and Edwardian writers who picked up the baton that had been fumbled to the ground by GA. John Buchan’s ‘No Man Land’ represents perhaps the pinnacle of the genre in 1902. However, already back in 1895, a year after the Great God Pan, Arthur Machen was continuing to experiment with the idea that fairies were a race apart and perhaps not even strictly supernatural in ‘the Shining Pyramid’, the ‘novel of the Black Seal’ and ‘the Red Hand’ (1895: the last a parody of Conan Doyle?). Then just in case you think that folklore was no longer feeding through remember that this was the year that Michael Cleary burnt his wife Bridget in Tipperary because she was a ‘fairy’…

Machen’s early ‘fairy tales’ are excellent horror fodder, but perhaps his greatest success and arguably the greatest success for the entire fairy horror genre was ‘The White People’ in 1904. Admittedly fairies are in short supply – actually they are not that visible in his earlier work either – but there are peculiar beings that impinge on the imaginings of a child and that seem to belong to the not-so good people. This is another story that doesn’t end well: perhaps there is no other genre of literature where children suffer so much? Machen also wrote a further fairy horror, ‘Out of the Earth’ in 1915 and, then, a strange fairy essay in 1922 about African fairies: poor old AM even his essays leave your mouth dry… Later, there was the ‘Change’ (1936), more children I’m afraid and that just about finished Machen off.

Machen had no doubt in his mind that fairies were ghastly little blighters. If you find his one-sided dislike of the fey a too much then why not turn instead to Algernon Blackwood, who wrote a number of fairy horror stories? May Day’s Eve (1907), Entrance and Exit (1909), Glamour of the Snow (1911), the Goblin’s Collection (1914) and Trod (1946) among others. In none of the stories are fairies unambiguously evil and in May Day Eve and Entrance and Exit there is a real sense that contact with fairies lead to rebirth and progress in an individual’s life. However, therapy it isn’t – no couch, no glass of water, no tissues… – and the fear factor is there throughout. Blackwood’s heroes are walking across a sword bridge and there are snapping crocodiles in the river below. It is tempting to compare Blackwood to Maurice Hewlett’s Lore of Prosperine (1913) that purports to be the psychic experiences of the author in a lifetime of communication with the fey. The truth is that Hewlett is an outstanding writer, but his interest in fairies doesn’t really convince: there is the suspicion that he is playing out. He is clear though that fairies are cruel: one of his first descriptions is of a fairy child squeezing a rabbit to death.

A more successful version of Maurice Hewlett, though he is scandalously neglected, is the brilliant Bernard Sleigh. Sleigh wrote in 1926 the Gates of Horn (1927) a series of fairy short stories. Fairies chez Sleigh are perhaps better balanced, personality-wise, than in Machen. They are above and beyond human interests and lash out if they feel that they are attacked or if they find someone attractive. There is horror, there is danger and there is also a strong sexual charge that must have been rather shocking in the late 1920s. Sleigh also published a later short story, The Dryad’s Child (1936) where yet another child dies: though Sleigh argues that she is happy among the fairies. Sorry for these spoilers.

By the 1920s there was, in any case, a tradition of fairy horror stories and this tradition was rich and well-established. Indeed, H.P.Lovecraft, in his, ‘Lurking Fear’ is clearly following the trail lain down so effectively by Machen’s early fairy writing. And in the ‘Whisperer in the Darkness’ (1931) Lovecraft acknowledges his debt to Arthur Machen, putting praise into the mouth of the story’s hero. Lovecraft’s and Machen’s take on the fairies would be taken on into the 1930s by Robert E.Howard (though with a strange medieval twist) and the 1950s by Manly Wade Wellman with the Shonokins.

However, there was also room for innovation. Francis Stephen’s ‘Elf Trap’ (1919) is a warning against falling in love with an elf woman: but it written with great humour and humanity. Abraham Merrit adds a ‘green’ dimension to fairy horror (that is already sprouting in Sleigh) with the ‘Woman of the Wood’ (1926). Likewise, M.R.James ‘After Dark in the Playing Field’ (1924) is able, with his one fairy horror, to return to the traditional preoccupations of a rural English population of a century before: it is in many ways a grown up version of his Five Jars, his fairy story for children. Finally, science fiction starts to make use of the little folk. The first example is perhaps Clark Ashton Smith’s ‘Dwellers in Martian Depths’ (1933) then there is Paul Ernst and ‘The Microsopic Giants’ (1936): we are moving all the time towards Ewoks – the late twentieth century also had a tendency to niceify everything.

And, in fact, after the Second World War fairy horror for the most part fails. There is John Christopher’s The Little People (1966) with its embarrassing combination of elves, Nazis and sex: it did produce one of the most notable book covers in history though (see above). T.E.D Klein’s Children of the Kingdom (1985) is set in a New York blackout! There is Steve Szilagyi’s Photographing Fairies (1995) which combines Cottingley and sex. Steve Cockayne (1006) The Good People, which introduces Arboria. Then there is Graham Joyce’s Some Kind of Fairy Tale (2012), which is the changeling myth with a strong charge of sex. Sex, in fact, from Sleigh onwards slowly pushes the fairy Geiger counter up. What is striking is, first, how talented most of these writers are and, second, perhaps how they are not really trying to write horror any more. For example, another fairy horror work is Graham Joyce’s The Tooth Fairy. But is it a horror story at all: perhaps it would be truer to call it a coming of age tale? Perhaps, indeed, most of these other ‘horror’ stories should actually be classed with Warner’s Kingdom of Elfin (1977) as adult fairy fantasy. Still, what a pity that horror has been left to cinema and the dreadful Leprechaun series? If there is any hope it lies with Eddie Lenihan whose Meeting the Other Crowd is almost certainly the scariest fairy book of the last fifty years: and how does he do it? He returns to folklore…